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ENCYCLOPAEDIA of Rebellions

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Mexico slave conspiracy 1612

Synopsis
For at least a week rumours had been circling around Mexico City and for much longer suspicion simmered. Holy Week had long been a time when ‘enemies’ of Christendom had decided to strike, now it was the free and enslaved Afro-Mexicans’ turn. They reportedly planned to rebel whilst the city was busy with religious observances, kill all the men, take their wives and property, and establish New Spain as an African kingdom. Consequentially, tensions had been rising and on Wednesday, 18 April 1612, they reached a boiling point. Chimalpahin – an Indigenous chronicler, eyewitness, and one of the two main sources on the conspiracy – noted how someone, in his opinion a ‘mischievous Spanish youth’, was shouting around the city that the revolt had begun. Chimalpahin also tells of the Spaniards’ response to this, characterized by intense fear; they reached ‘the ultimate of agitation and fright’, whilst they ‘blocked themselves off in their homes from their great fear’. More than this Chimalpahin relates some of the supposed revolt’s aims: ‘All the Spanish women were weeping, [thinking] that their spouses would leave them, because it was only the Spanish men who would be killed; the Spanish women would be left and the blacks would take them as wives’. No Afro-Mexican revolt materialized leaving the plot's existence in doubt, yet an investigation had been launched and soon after thirty-five Afro-Mexicans were hanged, drawn and quartered in Mexico City’s zocalo. Obs: This synopsis is merely an excerpt of McCracken 2026, p. 134, and several of the additional fields listed below are marked as 'tbc' (to be completed). The research for this entry is still in progress.
Additional info

Starting date: . Ending: . Duration: 1 week. Name in sources: Alzamiento de negros y mulatos libres y cautivos de la ciudad de Mexico. Location: Mexico city Country (current): Mexico. Monarchy: Spanish. Main participants: Africans, Enslaved. Number of participants: tbc. Main reasons & motivations: Freedom, Political. Leadership: tbc. Relevance: low.

Further reading
BRUQUETAS, Fernando (2020). “El alzamiento de los esclavos de México en 1612”, XXIV oloquio de Historia Canario-Americana. McCRACKEN, Hayden (2026). “Rumour, Royalty, Revolt: Mexico City’s 1612 Slave Conspiracy in the Atlantic Context”. Slavery & Abolition, 47(1): 134-153. VALERIO, Miguel (2021). “That There Be No Black Brotherhood: The Failed Suppression of Afro-Mexican Cofraternaties, 1568-1612”. Slavery and Abolition, 42(2): 293-314.

Author: .

Cite this entry

The Editors (2026). "Mexico slave conspiracy 1612," in Encyclopaedia of Rebellions in the Early Modern Iberian World. https://mappingrebellions.com/revolt/mexico-slave-conspiracy-1612/ (accessed on 23 August 2026).